Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D.
In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p. Use the abbreviation “p.” (for one page) or “pp.” (for multiple pages) before listing the page number(s). On the other hand, if you are directly quoting or borrowing from another work, you should include the page number at the end of the parenthetical citation. If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference. One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may permit the simple present tense (for example, Jones (1998) finds). Note: On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should use the past tense or present perfect tense for signal phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for example, Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found.). What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay. Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.
Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)Ĭopyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University.Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students.
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